Borrasca Filomena: pie de trinchera en España en tiempos de paz / Storm «Philomena»: trench foot in peacetime in Spain

El pie de trinchera es considerada la lesión militar más frecuente no relacionada con el combate y conocemos de su existencia desde tiempos de Napoleón. Sin embargo, esta vasoneuropatía sigue siendo una condición poco conocida y, por ende, un desafío diagnóstico. Con la presentación de dos casos clínicos atendidos en nuestro hospital durante la borrasca Filomena, ocurrida en España en enero del 2021, con Madrid como una de las zonas más afectadas, pretendemos aportar un poco más de conocimiento, en aras de mejorar la identificación de los casos y el correcto manejo terapeútico que, a buen seguro, mejorará el pronóstico de nuestros pacientes, sin olvidar las medidas preventivas. En nuestra experiencia ha sido determinante un riguroso estudio diagnóstico (vascular y electroneurofisiológico) y el tratamiento vasodilatador con bloqueo ciático poplíteo, inhibidores de la 5 fosfodiesterasa y calcioantagonistas dihidropiridínicos.(AU)

Trench foot is considered the most common non-combat related military injury and we have known of its existance since Napoleon’s time. However, this vasoneuropathy remains a poorly understood condition and, therefore, a diagnostic challenge. With the report of 2 clinical cases treated in our hospital during Filomena storm, which occurred in Spain in January 2021, with Madrid as one of the most affected areas, we intend to contribute a little more knowledge, in order to improve cases identification and the correct management that, surely will improve our patients prognosis, without forgetting preventive measures. In our experience, a rigorous diagnostic study (vascular and electroneurophysiological) and a vasodilatador treatment with sciatic popliteal block, 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists have been decisive.(AU)

Hurricane Resistant Buildings. Building CAT-5 Resistant Timber Roofs, An Illustrated Guide for Builders

The year 2020 set a record for the highest number of tropical/subtropical storms registered in a year. According to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season was the busiest year, with 29 events that caused economic losses estimated at US$ 50 billion, according to data from NOAA. Climate change has also brought with it an increased risk of the impact of higher intensity storms. The rise in water temperature in the Atlantic is causing a greater chance for hurricanes to develop. These natural events are not only more frequent but, in some cases, more catastrophic as well. One major impediment to resilience is the lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals to design and build hurricane-resistant buildings in many countries that are typically the most affected. In most low-income countries, current building codes do not encourage the construction of robust structures that will withstand major hurricanes or are the building codes enforced. Additionally, reconstruction after the impact of such events is often rushed and poorly designed and executed. The Pan American Health Organization aims to reduce the recurrent damage following the impact of major hurricanes, with this illustrated, easy-to-follow guide to build Category 5-resistant roofs and external walls. These guidelines are to be used by local builders for the safe design and construction of roofs in hurricane-prone regions. True sustainability is achieved once people understand what they can do to help themselves and prevent future damage and losses. Therefore, we aim to provide graphic tools illustrating the safe and proper way to build and connect timber roofs to help minimize the loss of building infrastructure, impact on livelihoods and loss of lives.

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.7 (4 September 2021)

Three weeks after the 7.2 magnitude earthquake, Haiti’s Civil Protection (DGPC), announced on September 3, the first phase of emergency operations is over, and search and rescue activities have concluded in the three departments of the Great South. The assessment of Saint Antoine Hospital in Grand’Anse – carried out by structural engineers from PAHO and the Ministry of Health – concluded that the structural damage (cracks) in the building can be repaired, and the health facility can be used without danger. The Health Directorate of the Grand’Anse Department (DSGA) has identified the following priorities: establishment of mobile health clinics, set-up of temporary structures to continue providing care, and provision of medicines and medical supplies. SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201,419. | 2,246 Deaths | 12,763 Injured | 329 Missing | 62 Damaged health facilities. ~ 24,400 Displaced

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.6 (31 August 2021)

As of August 30, based on the assessment of 135 health facilities, 79 have been reported affected: 28 severely damaged and 51 slightly damaged. SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201,419. | 2,207 Deaths | 12,268 Injured | 320 Missing | 79 Damaged health facilities.

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.5 (27 August 2021)

Two weeks after the 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck the south-western coast of Haiti, OCHA reports around 650,000 people need emergency humanitarian assistance in the three most affected departments – Grand’Anse, Nippes and Sud. Aftershocks continue to shake the Great South region, where at least 600 aftershocks have been recorded since August 14th, according to experts in the country – causing panic amongst the population. In Les Cayes (Sud), some streets are blocked at times by people who are afraid to return to their homes. Based on the rapid assessment of 99 health facilities: 66 have been reported affected in Grand’Anse, Nippes and Sud Departments. Of those, 28 are reported severely damaged and 38 slightly damaged. SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201,419. | 2,207 Deaths | 12,268 Injured | 320 Missing | 66 Damaged health facilities.

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.4 (23 August 2021)

As a result of the 7.2 magnitude earthquake on August 14, 2021, according to Haiti’s Civil Protection agency (DGPC), 2,207 people have died, 12,268 people were injured, and 320 are missing. In the most affected departments – Sud, Grand’Anse and Nippes – around 53,000 houses were destroyed and more than 77,000 damaged. Rapid assessments reported 59 health facilities affected in Grand’Anse, Nippes and Sud Departments: 27 severely damaged and 32 slightly damaged. SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201,419. | 2,207 Deaths | 12,268 Injured | 320 Missing | 59 Damaged health facilities.

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.3 (18 August 2021)

According to Haiti’s Civil Protection agency (DGPC), 2,189 people have died, 12,268 people were injured, and 332 are missing. In the most affected departments – Sud, Grand’Anse and Nippes – around 61,000 houses were destroyed and more than 76,000 damaged. 137,000 families have been affected and is estimated 650,000 people – 40 percent of the total population in the affected departments – are in need of emergency humanitarian assistance.3,4. Rapid assessments reported 36 health facilities affected in Grand’Anse, Nippes and Sud Departments: 4 destroyed and 32 damaged – including 12 severely damaged. SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201,419. | 2,189 Deaths: Grand Anse: 218; Sud: 1,832; Nippes: 137; Nord’Ouest: 2. | 12,268 Wounded: Grand Anse: 1,652; Nippes: 1,458; Sud: 9,158. | 332 Missing. | Health facilities: 32 damaged; 4 destroyed.

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.2 (16 August 2021)

According to Haiti’s Civil Protection agency (DGPC), 1,419 people have died, and 6,900 people were wounded. In the most affected departments – Sud, Grand’Anse and Nippes – around 7,370 houses were destroyed and around 4,850 damaged. These three departments reported the most infrastructure damage, including schools and hospitals. SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201,419; 1,419 Deaths: Grand Anse: 162; Sud: 1,133; Nippes: 122; Nord’Ouest: 2; +6,900 Wounded; Health facilities: 20 damaged; 4 destroyed.

Haiti Earthquake Situation Report, n.1 (15 August 2021)

On 14 August 2021, a 7.2 M earthquake struck Haiti, approximately 125 km west of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. According to Haiti’s Civil Protection agency (DGPC), at least 304 people died and 1,800 people were wounded, along with heavy damages to homes, trapped victims, chaos and overwhelmed hospitals in three departments (Grand’Anse, Nippes, and Sud). SITUATION IN NUMBERS: ~2M Exposed: Grand Anse: 440,417; Nippes: 297,348; Sud: 744,897; Ouest: 491,858; Sud-est: 201, 419; 304 Deaths: Grand Anse: 100; Sud: 160; Nippes: 42; Nord’Ouest: 2; +1,800 Wounded: Grand Anse: 35; Sud: 1500; Nippes: 281; 7 Damaged health institutions: Grand Anse: 5; Sud: 1; Nippes: 1; Nord’Ouest: No data available

TrackingStorm: Visualization Tool for a Storm Detector Network (SDN) in the LF Spectrum

Abstract During the last year the Group of Atmospheric Electricity Phenomena (FEA/UFPR) developed a short range lightning location network based on a sensor device called Storm Detector Network (SDN), along with a set of algorithms that enables to track storms, determining the Wide Area Probability (WAP) of lightning occurrence, risk level of lightning and Density Extension of the Flashes (DEF), using the geo-located lightning information as input data. These algorithms compose a Dashboard called Tracking Storm Interface (TSI), which is the visualization tool for an experimental short range Storm Detector network prototype in use on the region of Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil. The algorithms make use of Geopandas and clustering algorithms to locate storms, estimate centroids, determine dynamic storm displacement and compute parameters of thunderstorms like velocity, head edge of electrified cloud, Mean Stroke Rate, and tracking information, which are important parameters to improve the alert system which is subject of this research. To validate these algorithms we made use of a simple storm simulation, which enabled to test the system with huge amounts of data. We found that, for long duration storms, the tracking results, velocity and directions of the storms are coherent with the values of simulation and can be used to improve an alert system for the Storm Detector network. WAP can reach at least 75% of prediction efficiency when used 6 past WAP data, but can reach 98.86% efficiency when more data is available. We use storm dynamics to make improved alert predictions, reaching an efficiency of ~87%.

Tempestades: enchente, deslizamento e raio

Chuva forte, vento e trovoada. Em determinadas épocas do ano costumam acontecer as tão temidas tempestades. Uma manifestação da natureza capaz de provocar prejuízos materiais e até mortes. Por isso hoje a gente quer dar orientações para que você saiba como se proteger e manter a sua família em segurança. Pra isso vamos dividir nossa conversa em 3 assuntos: as inundações; os deslizamentos e os acidentes com raios. Você sabe em que momento deve abandonar o carro durante uma enchente, por exemplo? Sabe quais são os sinais, na sua casa, de que pode ocorrer um deslizamento? E qual é o local mais seguro pra se abrigar durante uma tempestade de raio? A apresentadora Marcela Morato conversou com Marcio Motta, subsecretário de Defes Civil do Rio de Janeiro. Participantes: Nanci Rosa, agente comunitária de saúde, moradora do Morro da Formiga; Gisela Isabel Soares, moradora do morro da Formiga; Carlos Felipe Riso Machado, gerente estratégia de saúde da família.

Thunderstorm asthma: a critical appraisal based on clinical practice

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Discusión sobre la necesidad de delimitación de una nueva nosografía psiquiátrica y psicológica. síndrome del accidentado por rayo eléctrico / Discussion on the delimitation of a nosography new psychiatric and psychological need. syndrome of the accident by electric ray

La observación y análisis de las variadas manifestaciones clínicas y secuelas que presentan las víctimas sobrevivientes de accidente por rayo, nos proporciona la posibilidad de cambiar el punto de vista desde el cual consideramos y estudiamos las mismas. Debemos evaluar la conveniencia de considerar tales manifestaciones meramente como un conjunto de signos y síntomas inespecíficos o pertenecientes a múltiples síndromes ya tipificados; o bien, abrir una nueva y profunda discusión en torno a la posibilidad de su agrupación y delimitación de una nueva categoría nosográfica psiquiátrica y psicológica. La metodología de la presente investigación se basa en el análisis de gran parte de la casuística extranjera de estos pacientes y la investigación bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre las escasas publicaciones científicas existentes. Asimismo, se revisan distintos procedimientos habituales en el ingreso de estos pacientes a los centros de salud que dificultan el estudio epidemiológico y sanitario de los mismos.

The observation and analysis of the varied clinical manifestations and sequels surviving accident victims presented by ray, gives us the possibility to change the point of view from which we consider and study them. We must assess the appropriateness of considering such manifestations merely as a set of signs and symptoms nonspecific, or belonging to multiple syndromes already described; Alternatively, open a new and profound discussion about the possibility of their grouping and delimitation of a new category of psychiatric and psychological nosographic. The methodology of this research is based on the analysis of much of the world Casuistry of these patients and the comprehensive bibliographic research on the scarce existing scientific publications. Also reviewed various common procedures in income of these patients to health centers, hindering the health and epidemiological study of them.

Fisiopatología de las tormentas eléctricas en el encéfalo del paciente con una lesión cerebral aguda. Resultados preliminares de un estudio piloto / Pathophysiology of electrical storms in the brain of patients with acute brain injury. Preliminary results of a pilot study

Los fenómenos de despolarización cortical propagada (CSD y CSD-like) son despolarizaciones celulares que se extienden en forma de onda y están implicados en la progresión de las lesiones en pacientes con ictus y traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE). Son detectables en el registro de electrocorticografía (ECoG). Experimentalmente inducen hipoxia cerebral e incrementa la permeabilidad de la barrera hematoencefálica. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia y duración de estos episodios en pacientes con TCE o infarto maligno de la arteria cerebral media (IMACM) que requieran craniectomía. Material y métodos: 20 pacientes a los que se les colocó, en el córtex perilesional, una tira de seis electrodos. Análisis del número y la duración de los episodios de CSD registrados. Resultados: En cuatro, de los ocho registros de ECoG analizados, se identificaron episodios de CSD o CSD-like de duración y frecuencia variable. Conclusiones: Se detectan frecuentemente episodios de CSD y CSD-like en pacientes con IMACM y TCE (AU)

The phenomena of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD and CSD-like phenomena) are cellular depolarization waves involved in the progression of lesions in patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which are detected by an electrocorticographic (ECoG) recording. Experimentally, CSD induces cerebral hypoxia and increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Objectives: To determine the frequency and duration of CSD episodes in patients with TBI and malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) requiring craniectomy. Material and methods: 20 patients were included. A strip of 6 electrodes was placed in the perilesional cortex. Analysis of the number and duration of CSD episodes in the ECoG recording was performed. Results: In four, of the eight ECoG recordings that was fully analyzed, CSD or CSD-like phenomena were identified with a variable frequency and duration. Conclusions: Episodes of CSD and CSD-like phenomena are frequently detected in patients with MMCAI and TBI (AU)

Guatemala: Evaluación de los impactos económicos, sociales y ambientales, y estimación de necesidades a causa de la erupción del volcán Pacaya y la tormenta tropical Ágatha: mayo-setiembre de 2010

A pedido del gobierno de Guatemala, se analiza en este informe los efectos acumulados de todos los eventos asociados a la erupción del volcán Pacaya y tormenta tropical Ágatha, ocurridos inmediatemente después de la erupción, los incidentes de deslizamientos, inundaciones y destrucción asociada a eventos de lluvias extraordinarias y las tormentas y depresiones tropicales ocurridas entre mayo y setiembre de 2010.

Fulguração como causa de morte em bovinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Lightning strike as a cause of death in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul

Fulguração é a morte de animais pela ação de correntes elétricas atmosféricas ou raios durante tempestades. Quatro bovinos provenientes de dois rebanhos foram encontrados mortos nas proximidades de árvores de Eucalyptus sp. imediatamente após registros de tempestades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Nos locais haviam árvores com linhas de queimadura recente no tronco, cascas parcialmente soltas, além de restos de galhos e folhas espalhados sob as copas das árvores. Não foram encontradas lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas significativas, nem indícios de enfermidades tóxicas ou infecciosas. Tais achados sugerem morte súbita por fulguração nos bovinos.

Lightning strike may cause sporadic deaths of animals that have been exposed to high-voltage electric currents during thunderstorms. Four healthy adult cattle from two herds were found dead next to eucalypt trees immediately after storms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. There were recent burns and loose barks on the trunks of the trees, apart numerous branches and leaves scattered on the ground under the canopy of the trees. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed. In addition, there was no evidence of any toxic or infectious disease. These findings suggest that lightning strike caused the death of those animals.